Residuals expressed in the units of the original outcome variable are called what?

• A. Unique variance
• B. Unsystematic variation
• C. Variables
• D. Unstandardized residuals

Answer: (D)

In regression, residuals can be shown in the original units of the outcome or in standardized units. When you keep the same scale as the outcome variable, the residuals are in those original units, which is described as unstandardized residuals. This makes their magnitudes easy to interpret in the context of the outcome (for example, inches, dollars, or kilograms). Standardized residuals, by contrast, are scaled to have a common unitless value, often used to compare residuals across different datasets or models. The other terms point to different ideas about variance or data structure, not how the residuals are expressed in the outcome’s units.